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' 2 Sheets-Sheet l. Le ROY S. WHITE. Y Maohine'for Forming Tubes. I No.225,035.

Patented Mar. 2, i880.

N. FEIERS. FHOYo-LrTx-IOGRAPMER, wAHmuToN. D. C.

i Wbzesses 2 Sheets-#Sheet ,Le ROY S WHITE l Machine for Forming Tubes.

Patented Mar. 2188 O.

N. PETERS, PMOTO-LITHDCRAPHER. WASTHINQTON D C lIHINITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LE Eov s. wHITE, OE WATEEBUEY, CONNECTICUT, Assia-NOE TO BROWN a 'BEOTHEEs OE SAME PLACE. Y i

MACHINE FOR FORMING TUBS.

` SPESIFICATION forming part vof Letters Patent No. 225,035, dated March 1880.

' Application mea June 17, 1879.

To .all whom t may concern Be it known that I, `LE ROY S. WHITE, of Waterbury, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain Improvements in Machinery for Forming Hollow Cylindrical or other Shaped Bodies, and drawing hollow cylinders, tubes, and other articles, Iand I do hereby declare that the follow-v ing is a description ofthe same, reference be- Io ing had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of-this specification.

ThisJnvent-ion relates to hydraulic machinery or apparatus for the purposes above cited, and may be used either for forming seamless 1 5 heads or seamless cylindrical sections for steamboilers, or for cupping and drawing cylindrical or other shaped bodies having one closed end, such as the bodies of kitchen-boilers or other boilers drawn from a single piece of sheet 2o metal or metal plate, or for drawing tubes or cylinders having both ends open and without restriction by the machineas to their length, thus providing for the drawing of tubes of an indefinite length. 2 5 The invention consists in a combination,with a hydraulic cylinder, of a hollow plunger or ram provided with tubular stems' or rods arranged to work through both ends of said cylinder, a draw-rod, preferably of sectional con- 3o struction, capable of longitudinal adjustment through said hollow rain and its stems or rods, and means for engaging and disengaging the draw-rod with and from the plunger.

The invention alsol consists in a combination, with a hydraulic cylinder, of a ram or plunger working therein, and to which the mandrel or draw-rod is attached, constructed to present different areas on its opposite sides 0r faces, a pump or two pumps, preferably of 4oV different capacity, and a valve or valves for changing the communication of the pump or pumps between opposite ends of the said cylinder, for varying the speed and action of the plunger or ram, to adapt the power of the apparatus to heavier and lighter kinds of work.

Furthermore, the invention consists in special combinations of details, including a valve of peculiar construction for operating and controlling the apparatus.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l rep- 5o resents a plan view, partly in section, of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention 5 Fig. 2, a longitudinal section, upon a larger scale, through a central jointed portion of the ram-cylinder, in illustration of a 5 5 packing applied to said cylinder to keep the ram tight. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section, upon a larger scale, of one of the couplings of the sectionally-constructed draw-rod 5 and Fig.

4:, a rear-end view of the ram-cylinder, in illus- 6o tration of a catch applied to the rod ofthe ram and to the sectionally-constructed draw-rod, to effect the necessary engagement and disengagement of said rods. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the valve-chest and reservoir used in working the ram, and Fig. 6 a vertical section of the valve and valve chest. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section through the valve-chest on the line w x in Fig. 5; and Figs. 8 and 9, a top View of the valve-seat and under View of the valve, 7o respectively. The remaining figures, from 10 to 17, inclusive, represent plan views of the valve in dii'ere-nt working positions to produce dii'erent actions and speeds of the apparatus. Aindicates the cylinder of a hydraulic motor or apparatus fitted with an elongated plunger or ram, B, which latter is hollow throughout its length, and is provided at its opposite ends with hollowr or tubular stems or rods C C, ar! 8o ranged to project through stuffing-boxes b`b in the ends of the ram-cylinder. These tubular stems or rods G C are of different diameters, whereby the ram B is made to present different working areas on its opposite ends or faces, and whereby a diiferential action of the apparatus is provided for. The one of said stems C which occupies a forward posi tion-that is, the one which is nearest to the work-die holder D of the apparatusis here 9o represented as being the largest of the two stems, thus giving the greatest workin g area to the back end of the ram B.

The work-die holder D may be connected with the working-cylinder A by side rods, c 0,' 95 and may be arranged at any suitable distance from the front end of said cylinder not less than the stroke of the ram. It is preferred to construct said die-holder with die-seats d c on its opposite sides or faces, the inner one, d, of which serves to hold a die for cupping cylindrical or other shaped bodies, While the other or outer seat, e, may be used to hold a die for' purely drawing purposes.

The ram or plungerBis fitted to work freely or loosely in the cylinder A, and is packed against leakage intermediately ofthe length of its stroke by a double annular packing, f, of leather or other suitable flexible material, applied to the interior of the cylinder A, intermediately of its length, on opposites sides of a joint-closing metal ring, g, inserted Within the cylinder A intermediately of the length of the latter. Said cylinder is constructed of two independent lengths or sections bolted together to receive and hold the joint closing ring g between and within them.' Said ring g may also serve to form an intermediate bearing for the ram B, which is of such a length in relation to the entire cylinder A that in the course of its extreme stroke in reverse directions it never wholly clears or passes be youd the double packingf.

Arranged to pass freely or loosely within and through the tubular or hollow elongated plunger or ram B audits stems C C is adrawrod, G, which is constructed of a series of sections of any desired length joined together by screw-couplings h. These sections may be added to or reduced in number, as required, according to the length of tube to be drawn or of the work to be done. Said draw-.rod G is arranged to engage with and disengage from the ram B, for the purpose of causing it to be moved in one direction by said ram, or of being slid or adjusted longitudinally through the ram. To this end the rear stem C of the ram has hinged to or otherwise suitably connected with it, outside of the working-cylinder A, a catch or coupling device, H, of any suitable construction to engage with or against one of the screw-couplings Zt of the rod G.

When it is required to cup a cylindrical or other shaped body, or, in other words, to draw said body, leaving one closed end, the necessary die is inserted in the seat (Z of the dieholder D, and a suitable cupping tool-or mandrel fitted or screwed on or into the front end of the forward stem C of the ram, so that the latter, in its advance stroke, will project the clipping-mandrel into the metal and cup the latter as required. This action is repeated for any number of times in succession, the cupping-mandrel 011 the end of the advance rod C of the ram and the die in the seat Z of the die-holder being changed as required, and the cupped article or body, if necessary, being amended prior to each succeeding cupping operation.

to the advance or work end of the rod G, or between the front end of the latter and a mandrel over which the tube is drawn, so that in the back stroke of the ram B the tube will be drawn through the die in the die-holder D by the engagement of therod G with the ram, after which the ram makes its advance stroke, leaving the rod G behind it, for a succeeding drawing operation on the tube'by engaging the ram, through the coupling' device H, with a succeeding rod-coupling, h, and so on for any number of operations of the ram to follow up the work, the tube as it is drawn passing through the hollow ram and its stems and being annealed, and the die or die and mandrel being changed,

if necessary, at or before each succeeding drawing operation. In this way or by these means the length of the tube capable of being drawn is not restricted by the length of the stroke of the ram.

I will now proceed to describe the mechanism by which the ram 'B is reciprocated and provision is made for varying its speed and action to adapt the power ofthe apparatus to heavier and lighter kinds of work.

I is a reservoir containing water or other fluid for operating the ram B, and J is a hollow valve-seat composed of a lower chamber, 7c, and a .series of upper chambers, Z Z' Z2 Z3, which upper chambers have ports m m m2 m3 in their tops, over which and a centralexhaustp'ort, u, a circularly-adjustable valve, K, of a D-like construction, is arranged, said valve being formed with a cavity, o, on one side of its axis, a central cavity, p, arranged over the port u and in communication with the cavity `o, and a through-opening, r, on the opposite side of its axis. This circularly-adjustable valve K is arranged for operation within a valve-chest, L, mounted on the valve-seat, and

IOO

IOS

is capable of being turned by a stem, s, to .t

control the ports m m m2 m3.

M is a pipe connecting the advance en d of the rain-cylinder A with the chamber Z in the valve-seat, ,and N is a pipe connecting the rear end of said cylinder with the chamber Z3 in the valveseat.

P is a pipe connecting the reservoir I with a small pump, Q, of apumping-engine, R, and S is a pipe connecting said small pump with the chamber Z2 in the valve-seat. A branch pipe, T, also connects the pipe I? with the lower chamber, Zo, in the valve-seat.

Q is a pump of larger dimensions or working than the pump Q, and worked by the engine B. This pump is connected by a pipe, r

U, with the chamber Z in the valve-seat, and by a pipe, V, with the lower chamber, k, in said seat. y

When the valve K is turned to the position represented in Fig. 10 of the drawings, theA ram, and under the valve K, by the port m3 and passages p a, to the reservoir I, and by the port m2 and pipe S to the smaller pump Q. all as shown by arrows in said figure. This gives a certain velocity and `force to the ram, suitable for a heavy class of work.

When the valve K is turned to the position represented in Fig. 11 of the drawings, both the large and small pumps Q Q discharge through the ports mm2 and by the port 'm and pipe M to the front end of the ram-cylinderA, while the water from thc rear end of said cylinder is discharged by the pipe N under the valve K to the reservoir I, as -shown by the arrows in said figure. This gives a quick action to the ram in a backward direction, and is more especially intended for returning it after it has done its work by movement in a forward direction.

When the valve K is in the position represented in Fig. 12 of the drawings, the small pump Q alone supplies water, by the pipe S, ports m m2, and pipe IVI, to the forward end of the ram, while the water is discharged from the rear end of the ram to the reservoir, asin Fig. 11, as shown by arrows. This gives a slow backward motion to the ram and the most powerful operation of which it is capable in a forward direction.

When the valve K is turned to the position represented in Fig. 13, .then the small pump Q, alone, by its pipe S, pumps water, by the ports m2 m3 andpipe N, to the rear of the ram, which then moves with a quick speed forward, the water discharging from the front end of the ram, which is of smaller area, through the valve-chest, and by the port m3 and pipe N to the rear of the ram, as shown by arrow, the differential construction of the ram providing` for this circulation of the water.

When the valve is turned to the position sented in Fig. 15, both pumps operate, bythe pipesU S, ports m, m2, and m3, topass the water, as shown by arrow, by the pipe N, to the rear of the ram, the water from the front of the latter being discharged as when the valve is situated as represented in Fig. 14. This gives a medium speed to the ram.

Vhen the valve is adjusted as shown in Fig. 16, the large pump Q', by its pipe U, ports m m3, and pipe N, discharges into the cylinder A, in rear ofthe ram. This gives a moderately slow and powerful speed. When the valve is turned to the position represented in Fig. 17, then the large pump discharges water by its pipe U, ports m m m3, and pipes lVI N, as shown by arrows, both in front iand in rear of the ram, while the small pump, by its pipe S, port m2, valve passage or cavityp, and connections, returns water to the reservoir I. This gives a very quick speed to the ram, and is generally used for returning` the ram after drawing by aid of the rod G.

By means of the pumps, the ling the circulation of the water through the apparatus, andA the differential ram, as described, a most complete provision is made for varyin g the speed and power of the apparatus to adapt the latter to heavier and lighter kinds of work. In some cases, where a less variety of power is required for the ram, then a. single pump may be used in place of the two pumps, as described.

To facilitate the turning of the valve K, its stern s may be fitted with a valve, a', adjustable from above, and whereby, when open, water may be circulated through the valve by apertures b', to relieve the valve of pressure.

I claim- 1. In hydraulic machinery for forming or drawing tubes, cylinders, and other hollow articles, the combination, with'a hydraulic cylinder, of a hollow plunger or ram provided with hollow or tubular stems or rods arranged to work through both ends of said cylinder, a draw-rod capable of longitudinal adjustment through said hollow ram and its tubular stems or rods, and means for engaging and disengaging the latter with and from the plunger, substantially as specified.

2. In hydraulic machinery for forming and drawingtubes or other hollow articles, the combination, with a hydraulic cylinder containvalve control- IOO ing a ram or plunger to which the mandrel or draw-rod is attached and the faces of which present different areas, of one or more pumps and a valve o'r valves for changing the communication of the pump or pumps between opposite ends of the said cylinder, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with the hydraulic cylinder and a ram or plunger constructed to present different areas on its opposite sides or faces, of two pumps of different working capacity and a valve for changing the comma nications of said pumps from one end of said cylinder to the other, for varying the speed and action of the plunger in either or both directions of its travel, essentially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

4. The sectionally-constructed draw-rod, in combination with the hollow hydraulic ram or plunger having tubular stems or rods, and means for engaging and disengaging said draw-rod at different points in its length with the ram or plunger, essentially as specified.

5. The combination of the cylinder A, its

hollow plunger or ram B, having hollow rods IIO ISO

the two pumps Q', the valve K, Water-resl binabion with the two pumps Q Q', the ram- 1o ervoir l, and pipes M N P T UV, all subsbancylinder A, and reservoir I, substantially as tially as herein described. herein described.

6. The circular valve K, constructed with au opening, 0", and cavity o, and the valve-seat J LE ROY S' WHHE' constructed with a central port, n, and lower Vitnesses: chamber, 7c, and with surrounding ports m m WM. S. FEARING,

m2 m3, and upper chambers, Z Z Z2 Z3, in oom- HIRAM VAN DUSEN. 

